Plummer-Vinson syndrome/esophageal web

Definition

Plummer-Vinson syndrome consists of chronic iron deficiency anemia, difficulty swallowing, esophageal webs, and other, less common abnormalities. Esophageal webs are small, thin growths of tissue that partially block the esophagus (food pipe). They cause difficulty swallowing, and tend to be located in the middle or upper esophagus.

Alternative Names

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

The cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unknown. Genetic factors and nutritional deficiencies may play a role. It is a rare disorder that is often connected with cancer of the esophagus and throat.

Symptoms

• Difficulty swallowing
• Weakness

Signs and tests

Upper GI series or upper endoscopy may reveal the web. Tests to diagnose anemia and/or iron deficiency may be useful.

Some patients develop skin and nail abnormalities that can be identified by a doctor during an examination.

Treatment

Patients with Plummer-Vinson syndrome should receive iron supplements. This may improve the difficulty in swallowing. If not, the web can be widened during upper endoscopy to allow normal swallowing and passage of food.

Expectations (prognosis)

Patients generally respond to treatment.

Complications

There is risk of tearing of the esophagus with the use of dilators for treatment.

There have been reports of a connection between Plummer-Vinson syndrome and esophageal cancer.

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if food gets stuck after you swallow it or if you have severe fatigue and weakness.

Prevention

Good nutrition with enough iron may prevent this disorder.