Distention of the colon's splenic flexure

Definition

Distention of the colon's splenic flexure is an enlargement of the splenic flexure beyond what is normal. The splenic flexure is a bend in the colon.

Alternative Names

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Common causes of distension are:

• Infection (such as tuberculosis, amebiasis)
•  Inflammation (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease)
• Twisting of the colon (torsion, volvulus) 
• Obstruction (for example, as a result of cancer)

If the colon does not contract properly, the splenic flexure can become distended.

Symptoms

Symptoms include fever, rapid heart rate, abdominal pain and tenderness, and a mass that can be felt.

Signs and tests

Splenic flexure distention may be identified by the following studies:

• Abdominal x-ray 
• Barium enema 
• Abdominal CT scan
• Abdominal MRI

Treatment

Treatment involves decompressing the colon and treating the underlying cause of distention. This may be done with a rectal tube for decompression, or a colonoscopy  to remove excess air in the colon. Occasionally, surgery may be performed to remove an obstruction or to prevent perforation (hole).

Expectations (prognosis)

Prognosis is generally good if an underlying cause of distention can be identified and treated.

Complications

Complications are primarily perforation (hole in the colon) and infection.

Calling your health care provider

If symptoms of abdominal pain, abdominal distention, or fever occur, call your provider.

Prevention

There are no methods of preventing splenic flexure distention.